As bizarre as it may seem, DSH has been reported to be an addiction (Shaw, 2002). Faye (1995) presented the development of a theory that suggests that DSH belongs to the realm of addictive behaviors. DSH exhibits numerous characteristics that have also been identified in the self-destructive behavior of addiction. In line with other studies, Favazza and Conterio (1988) consider the role of neurotransmitters in addictive behavior and the role of various levels of neurotransmitters in the diagnosis given to those individuals who harm themselves. Pembroke (2000) proposes a challenge to this from the perspective of service users as a challenge of “psychological reductionism” when referring to the endorphin hypothesis of self-harm, alleged dependence on endogenous opioids. A further challenge to the “addiction hypothesis” based on previously discussed information regarding the use of DSH as a coping mechanism. Faye (1995) describes DSH as a “crude and ultimately destructive coping mechanism, it is a mechanism that has many downsides, but it works,” and this may explain the attribution of addictive qualities. More acceptable coping mechanisms are repeated by individuals in circumstances of stress or personal difficulty without the self-destructive component. Faye (1995) suggested that less destructive coping mechanisms be taught instead and that these take time to become as effective as DSH. DSH repeat is common (Hawton et al., 1999). And the risk factors for repeat DSH are: a history of DSH before the current episode, psychiatric history, current unemployment, low social class, alcohol or drug-related problems, criminal record, antisocial personality, hopelessness, and intent suicidal (Wilkinson & Smeeton, 1987). It's no surprise... half of the document... a psychological evaluation and aftercare plan can be arranged in the emergency room before discharge. Specialized postoperative care includes referral to outpatient psychiatric and social services (Yeo, 1993; Hall, 1994). Furthermore, the Royal College of Psychiatrist in 1994, documented the purpose of clinical services for DSH as follows: to provide effective assessment and treatment of the patient's physical condition; provide psychosocial assessment in order to identify those with a psychiatric illness, a high risk of suicide, those with comorbid conditions and those in social crisis, to ensure timely and effective psychiatric treatment and follow-up care, and to ensure the provision of social assistance and psychological help for other psychosocial problems. It is currently unclear which interventions are useful in reducing DSH repeat rates in depressed patients (Hawton et al., 1998).
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