Charles's Military Success Many historians argue that the most important factor contributing to Charles's military success was his skillful and ingenious leadership. While there were also other arguments as to what might have contributed to Charles' military success. One of the arguments that could be made is that Charles had superior resources than his enemies, which some historians might argue. While other historians might argue that the weakness of Charles' enemies led to his military success. Other historians may argue that many of Charlemagne's enemies were weaker than the Franks, which may have been the single factor that led to Charlemagne's military success. In the Lombard campaign of 773-774, the Lombard kingdom of Desiderius was institutionally quite well developed. But it was political weakness that led to Charles' conquest. Charles never expected to become king of Lombardy, and had granted the pope large amounts of lands, which are 2/3 of Italy. The reason why Desiderius loses political support is because the bishops didn't like Desiderius as he took his father's land, which was an irrespectable act. Desiderius has weakened his government. The dukes also wished to have a king north of the Alps, as they believed it would make him more independent. Therefore they wanted to transfer the lands from Desiderio to Carlo. An example of land in turn donated to Charles is Ildebrando of Spoleto and Archide of Benevento. Even in the Saxon campaign of 772-804, the Saxons were politically disunited. Saxony was divided into four tribes: Westphalians, East Phalians, Norhudians and Angrarians. The... middle of paper... realized that he would have to build fortifications on nearby mainestuaries. For him it was important to protect churches and monasteries, shopping centers, examples of shopping centers are Dorectad and Quentorii. Charles was able to protect those who needed to be protected. The estuaries he sought to protect were Loine, Seine and Rheine. To protect the estuaries, he stationed a fleet at Boulogne and had an ancient Roman house restored. According to Collins, naval power played an important role in the conflict in the Mediterranean, as well as in other campaigns. King says that "Charles was well aware of the value of fleets and the need for protection against those of others, as the capitulars, among other sources, indicate." Also according to Collins, naval power was an important factor in the clash with Godfred, king of the Danes.