A working diagnosis of celiac disease has been made for patient MJ, in this report I will explain and analyze the patient's immune responses and try to suggest different treatments. Celiac disease is usually triggered by the ingestion of gluten which contains the gliadin peptide present in wheat, alternatively other peptides from the prolamin family are able to elicit an immune response in celiac disease patients (C. Gianfrani, 2005). Gliadin antigen works by widening tight junctions, allowing larger proteins to permeate across the membrane (Lammers, K.M., 2008), thus inducing an immune response and leading to small intestinal enteropathy (C. Gianfrani, 2005 ). Celiac disease is a relatively common disease, it is estimated that 1% of the population in the United States and Europe suffers from this condition (Catassi, C., et al., 2001). It is a multifactorial disease which therefore depends on various aspects such as environmental and genetic inputs (Sollid, LM, 2000). The HLA regions of the gene are responsible for celiac disease, patients with HLA-DQ2 or DQ8 variants are at greater risk of suffering from the disease, with the majority of patients suffering from the DQ2 serotype (Sollid, LM, 2000). Rye, barley, and wheat create similar responses in celiac patients (Meresse, B., et al., 2012). The usual advice for those suffering from celiac disease is to maintain a gluten-free diet for the rest of their lives (Van de Kamer et al., 1953). Gliadin antigen elicits an adaptive immune response and, more recently, has been found to elicit a response in the innate system as well. The gliadin epitope is recognized by CD4+ cells of the adaptive immune system and is reported to create proinflammatory cytokines (C. Gianfrani, 2003). CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrate the mucosa of the intestine, their role in......middle of paper......n, the body is able to regenerate the villi and the physiology of the intestine and the functions should return to normal. However, further research into alternative treatments is underway. Enzyme therapy is currently being studied, the treatment is based on enzymes such as gluten-specific endopeptidases and endoproteases which reduce the antigenicity of gluten (Zingone, F., et al., 2010). tTg and inhibitors are also being studied, although several gliadin epitopes have been shown to trigger an immune response without being deaminated (Sollid, ML, 2005). Another method in clinical trials involved desensitizing the body to gluten through a course of vaccines that gradually increased the concentration of gluten (Zingone, F., et al., 2010), however none of the above methods exceeded the clinical trials, so the method the only common treatment for celiac disease remains a gluten-free lifestyle.