Short answer identification questions (50 points)1. Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, was a noted black nationalist and activist of the mid-20th century. X was the child of a black male and a mixed female. It is said that his mother chose X's father because of his slate black skin. The Ku Klux Klan in Oklahoma killed Malcolm's father. A few years later, her mother would be admitted to a mental institution. Malcolm, in his youth, was a petty criminal and hustler in cities like Chicago, Boston, and New York. He was known for committing robberies on wealthy families in these cities. Malcolm was arrested for theft in Boston and sent to prison where he began his spiritual and intellectual conversion. While in prison, Malcolm learned about the teachings of Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam. Muhammad's teachings about self-reliance and freedom from white oppression resonated with Malcolm. He became a member of the Nation of Islam after his release from prison around 1948. He was one of the leading members of the National of Islam, having considerable authority both at the Nation's national headquarters in Chicago and as well as being the chapter leader for the branches of the nation in Harlem. While a member of the Nation, Malcolm waged a crusade against white tyranny and oppression not only in the American state, but throughout the world. He was a distinguished speaker known for his speeches such as “God's Judgment of White America (1963), Message to the Roots (1963), and The Ballot or the Bullet (1964). Malcolm became disillusioned with some of the Nation of Islam's practices, particularly private scandals involving Elijah Muhammad. He left the Nation on March 8, 1964 and embarked on a Ha...... middle of paper ......ries of black nationalism that inspired radicalized youth such as Stokely Carmichael, Huey Newton, Bobby Seale and others to develop a radical and more polarized urban survival movement known as the Black Power Movement. In 1966, Stokely Carmichael first used the term “Black Power” to encourage black self-respect, autonomy, and economic and political representation. Carmichael, once president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, has now turned away from the conservative civil rights movement for a radicalized black power movement. Seale, Newton, and the organization they founded in 1966, the Black Panther Party, began as a black nationalist movement. However, the Party's ideology shifted radically from black nationalism to a Marxist/Leninist platform that sought to rectify injustice caused not only by whites, but by the bourgeoisie of developed societies..