Memory refers to the formations and processes used to store and retain information; there are three key processes involved: encoding, storage and retrieval. The first trial; Encoding involves focusing awareness and consciously applying selective attention to a limited range of stimuli or events. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that incoming information could be processed at different levels through three different modes of encoding: structural, phonemic, and semantic. Structural coding refers to what the information looks like while phonemic coding refers to what the information sounds like. Furthermore, semantic encoding refers to the meaning of the word, but requires a deeper level of processing than the other levels. Deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory codes (Craik and Tulving, 1975). To improve the coding process, it is crucial to process and use visual images. Furthermore, self-referential encoding allows information to become relevant to itself, which, together with motivation, allows for a greater ability to remember (Kassam et al., 2009), thus resulting in deeper encoding of information. The second process is storage and involves the encoded information moving through short-term memory into long-term memory. Atkinson and Shriffin's (1968) model of memory storage predicts that sensory inputs travel through memory stores to be ultimately stored in long-term memory. Sensory memory preserves information through iconic memory, a momentary recall of visual information, or echoic memory, a momentary sensory memory of auditory information. Information moves into short-term memory when it is selective…middle of the paper…to facilitate memory retrieval. The use of long-term cognitive training can also help Tom with relearning skills. Cognitive training focuses on helping improve the skills and self-control necessary for an individual to function successfully (Stewart, 2011). Additionally, memory and other cognitive difficulties can have a major impact on self-confidence, which can lead to other mental illnesses and withdrawal. from the activities, ultimately making the original difficulties seem worse (Woods, 2003). For Tom this could lead to a potential lack of motivation to recover, however long-term cognitive training can also improve performance on episodic memory (Belleville, Gilbert, Fontaine, Gagnon, Gauthier, 2006) and therefore may aid his rehabilitation . Works Cited Belleville, Gilbert, Fontaine, Gagnon, Gauthier, 2006)