According to the article The mechanism and effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile, there is great concern about the increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infection C. difficile due to use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones are considered high-risk antibiotics. Normal gastrointestinal flora is thought to have a potential effect in inhibiting the growth of C. difficile and the release of toxins A,B which are often associated with severe diarrhea resulting in patient mortality and other comorbidities. After the first episode, there is a high probability of relapses due to the reduction of serum IgG antibodies against toxin A and secreted IgA cells from the colon. Metronidazole and vancomycin are indicated for the treatment of C. difficile, and two studies in animal models suggest that the use of culture-specific probiotic antibodies, such as S. boulardii, may upregulate the anti-secretary IgA toxin. According to a large, well-designed study, a randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces Boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics f...