Before the war, Germany was ruled by the imperial dictatorship of the Kaiser. In contrast, the Weimar Constitution attempted to establish perhaps the most perfect democratic system of modern times, in which no individual could acquire too much power. However, it was precisely this system of proportional representation that led to its downfall. Based on the ideal of ensuring all political groups had fair representation, in reality this meant that no party ever achieved an absolute majority. This process has therefore led coalition governments to maintain power through weak arrangements, without ever being able to deliver on the programs they were elected to deliver. Outbursts of violence occurred within the opposition, including the Spartacist Uprising of 1919, the Kapp Putsch of 1920, and Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. None of these uprisings succeeded in ending the republic, however he stressed that the government was incapable of respecting law and order and respect for it subsequently diminished. The failed Nazi revolution also led Hitler to change his tactics under the guise of legality. In the years that followed, the NSDAP highlighted the government's weaknesses through extensive propaganda campaigns that blamed it for Germany's misfortunes and instead offered a return to a strong, authoritarian regime that could guarantee public severity.