The Bohemian Waxing (Bombycilla garrulus) is a medium-sized passerine bird, similar in size to a starling, that is a member of the Bombycillidae family and the Passeriformes order. The Bohemian Waxwing is often mistaken for the Cedar Waxwing; both species have overlapping ranges. To distinguish between the two species, start by analyzing their size and plumage characteristics. The Bohemian Waxwing has a brownish gray overall color with a prominent crest on the top of the head. They have a black mask and a throat with a white stripe under the eyes. They have a chestnut-colored belly and a rust-colored undertail. The primary feathers have a yellow and white pattern and the tips have a red waxy appearance on the secondary feathers (Hoyo 2013). The red waxy tips are composed of the pigment astaxanthin, which alludes to the bird's common name (Mountjoy 1988). The eyes are dark brown, the beak is black and the legs are dark gray. Cedar wax, however, is generally smaller in appearance and has an overall yellowish appearance. Males and females do not exhibit a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Females tend to have a smaller tail band and wing markings will be less distinct. Juvenile Bohemian Waxwings are generally dull compared to adults and will have fewer red tips, less black on the chest and mask, and have whiter underparts (Hoyo 2013). Bohemian Waxwings weigh, on average, fifty-five grams and are approximately nineteen to twenty centimeters in length with a wingspan of thirty-two to thirty-six centimeters (Hoyo 2013). The Bohemian Waxwing has a distinctive call, a sirrrr trill, and is lower in pitch than the Cedar Waxwing call. Other names produced by Bohemian Waxing are modified...... middle of paper....... In addition to feeding on berries and small fruits, Waxwings will hunt by chasing flying insects. The Bohemian Waxwing currently has a healthy population. Prairie hawks and other birds of prey prey on Bohemian Waxwings, and parasites such as tapeworms can infect Waxwings (Hoyo 2013) (Rausch 1983). Other important known causes of death are consumption of contaminated water and collisions with man-made objects such as vehicles and windows (Hoyo). The population is estimated to be approximately three million birds over a breeding area of ​​approximately 4.9 million miles^2. In recent years the population has remained stable. There is a record that in 1908, a three hundred foot wide flock of Bohemian Waxwings took more than three minutes to pass. The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the successful Bohemian Waxwing as a species of Least Concern (Hoyo 2013).