Referring to this case study, Ann suffers from social exclusion, which initially leads to discrimination; Social exclusion is defined as the networks between social stratification and other subdivisions such as gender, age, sexuality and ethnicity are complex. Social inequalities are interpreted and focused on gender, age, racism and sexism. Any exclusion and discriminatory behavior on the part of society can reduce life opportunities and promote inadequate practices in relation to access to social, health and social care opportunities (Scott, 2006: pp27). The Social Exclusion Unit agrees that social exclusion is a consequence of a combination of related problems, namely unemployment, low income and inadequate housing (Cabinet Office, 2004:pp2: DSS, 1999). He then goes on to comment that disengagement is inevitable for older individuals and it is a natural process to abandon work and is seen as a mutual withdrawal by both the individual and society. Bromley then agrees citing that disengagement theory examines how individuals decline in body and mind, which reduces their need in society (). Powell, 2000:pp2). Unfortunately, older people are found to suffer from ageism (age discrimination) as the older a person gets they are at greater risk of being refused simple treatments or surgeries that could prevent them from disengaging from society. According to the Royal College of Surgeons doctors and surgeons have a "duty of care", therefore treatment should not be based solely on age but on current health conditions and on the basis of benefit to the patient, especially as the population lives longer long (London Evening Standard, 2012: Rawlinson, 2014). Although Ann suffers from social exclusion, in her current state she is classified in the disengagement theory and by some multi-agency agencies she is an individual who is preparing for an inevitable death, which in contemporary society is opposed to the person-centered approach that currently conducts healthcare worldwide It is essential that Ann is referred to specific professionals from her general practitioners (GPs) to enable her to overcome these disorders and be able to live an independent life as suggested in the medical model (Cunningham and Cunningham, 2008: pp67). First, the family doctor would refer Ann to see an ophthalmologist; This is a doctor who specializes in the medical and surgical care of the eyes and vision, as well as focusing on the prevention of eye diseases and injuries. Depending on the ophthalmologist's findings, you may need treatment from the ophthalmologist or optometrists. An optometrist focuses on vision care and treats vision disorders with glasses, contact lenses, and eye exercises (Djo.harvard.edu, 2002). The appropriate professional would treat Ann and see if her visual impairment is severe enough to be registered as a blind person (Rnib.org.uk, 2015). Ann would receive support and assistance from the Royal National Institute of Blind People (a registered charity) who would offer her emotional support if necessary to help her cope with her vision problems along with reading choices whether in audio, braille or large print. However, this support depends on the severity of your impairment and whether it will further your impairment