In a medical aspect doctors and physicians are responsible for not harming a patient. “Doctors must refrain from providing ineffective treatments or acting maliciously towards patients. This principle, however, offers little useful guidance to physicians since many beneficial therapies also carry serious risks” (Pantilat, n.d.). From the point of view of medical negligence this clearly goes against the act of not causing harm to the patient. Autonomy is an act when an individual performs his own actions according to his own character without the influence of others. “Autonomy is the “personal rule of the self that is free both from interference of control by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choices.” Autonomous individuals act intentionally, with understanding, and without controlling influences” (Pantilat, n.d.). In this situation a medical professional is responsible for his or her own actions and behavior. This means that they are held responsible for the damages suffered by the patient due to medical negligence committed. Justice is “the idea that the burdens and benefits of new or experimental treatments should be distributed equally among all groups in society. It requires that procedures respect the spirit of existing laws and are fair to all actors involved” (Pantilat,