For example, Laud Humphries' (1970) research on male homosexuals having sex in public restrooms was performed without any informed consent from the people observed. The question about justification without informed consent here arose as whether the ends can outweigh the means, as stated by David and Sutton (2004). They also suggested that it may be likely that research participants might behave in a discriminatory manner if they were aware of the research or acknowledged that they were being researched (David and Sutton, 2004). In particular, Siobhan's (2010) ethnographic study of three exotic nightclubs (Temptations, Conquest, and Girlielicious) illustrated that Siobhan had altered her representation for her research purposes (e.g., she had told dancers in the exotic nightclubs that she was researching the benefits for women) to gain confidence and gain more information from its potential research participants (Siobhan,