According to the British Association of Project Management (APM) cited in Atkinson (1999), it has produced a UK Body of Knowledge (BoK) which provides a broad definition of project management as: "The planning, organisation, monitoring and control of all aspects of a project and the motivation of all involved to achieve the project objectives safely and within criteria agreed times, costs and services." Project planning consists first of identifying and clarifying the tasks and resources needed to complete the project; the organizing or planning phase then assigns how much time is needed to complete each activity and finally monitoring tracks progress and analyzes performance and quality (Spinner, 1997). Time and cost management are the most commonly used and important project management functions and are strongly linked to the level of project success. These are foreseen during the design phase of the latter; time, cost and quality are so closely linked that they form what is called the “Iron Triangle” (Atkinson, 1999). This assignment will therefore first shed light on the case studies of Fourth Bridge and Bath Thermae Spa respectively, and will then be structured around three primary elements of competence and managerialism contained in the Project Management Body of Knowledge. According to Cramb (2008), renovating the bridge located near Edinburgh is a “never-ending job” due to its duration, as as soon as the maintenance crews have finished renovating it, it is time to start again. In 2002, civil engineering firm Balfour Beatty signed a £10m per year maintenance contract for Network Rail until the contract was due to expire in 2009 (Forth Bridges Visitor Center Trus.... .. half of document ......rison, F. and Lock, D. (2004) Advanced project management: a structured approach 4th edition. Aldershot: Gower PublishingHendrickson, C. and Au, T. (1989) Project Management for Construction : Fundamental concept for owners, engineers, architects and builders. New Jersey: Prentice HallMcManus, J. (2010) "Keeping projects under control", The Chartered Institute for IT [Online]. http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=conWebDoc.5912 (accessed 1 December 2010)Spinner, MP (1997) Project Management: Principles and Practices. London: Prentice Hall InternationalThermae Bath Spa (2010 ) Project history. Available at: http://www.thermaebathspa.com/newsandinfo/projecthistory/ (Accessed: 30 November 2010) Wikipedia (2010) Forth Bridge [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Forth_Bridge# Maintenance (Accessed: November 24 2010)