Topic > An analysis of The Heavens Are... by Franz Joseph Haydn

The recapitulation of this work is not a complete thematic restatement of the exposition but rather a tonal and textual recapitulation. The recapitulation brings the piece back to its initial key of C major, presenting a PAC in that key just 8 measures into the 153mm section. This feels like a homecoming for the listener because of how heavily Haydn emphasized the C major in the exposition. Haydn also provides a clue to the function of this section by returning to the opening text at mm.154. The text "The heavens tell the glory of God" returns for the first time since the beginning of the development, and this text is once again stated in C major. Furthermore, the thematic material from bars 143-156 is reported twice in its entirety, as was the case for all the themes of the exposition. This tonal, textual, and formal repetition supports the idea that this section is edited