As noted in the chart, our educational standing is lower than average, especially among African American and Hispanic children compared to other states. If this is the outcome in elementary school, what should we expect in eighth grade? With all the various reforms implemented over the course of 30 years, the curriculum in public schools has not improved, nor has our standing relative to the rest of the world. Although a monitoring tool has been developed in each presidency to ascertain the level of learning based on the test. In states where students passing the test equates to more school funding and school remaining open, jobs for educators. So oppose teaching students the necessary information that educators have taught on the test. This is because politicians do not address the fundamental issues that prevent children of low socioeconomic status from being of color due to cultural prejudices. Then there is the political climate of education, including ignorance regarding the benefit of trade schools and real-world learning. Furthermore, policy changes to address the substandard public school education system did not solve the problem because before a program could begin another president was taking office and staff were replaced. Education policies adopted by the federal government have left state and local government uncertain and in a state of flux. There has essentially been no consistency in the implementation of programs aimed at improving the educational outcomes of children in disadvantaged communities. Because of the inadequacy of the public school system and the inability to address class sizes, decaying school buildings, and children failing out of school, charter schools and voucher programs were established in…half-paper. ....has not instructed anyone to include it in the middle school curriculum. By not providing this as part of the curriculum, children of color do not learn about their heritage or learn that people of color have made significant contributions to society through inventions. Causes The cycle of low educational attainment is so widespread in poverty-stricken communities that the political system benefits. . Politicians continue to keep their jobs, political power and education are power. This is achieved because illiteracy inhibits the knowledge required to vote for a qualified candidate for office. “Economies with low or high levels of education can escape the poverty trap, and inequality plays a key role in determining whether this occurs through a change in institutions or an expansion of education” Eicher.Garcia-Penalosa and Tanguy van Ypersele, p207.