1200-1600 - The empire of Monomotapa had risen and fallen, thought to be associated with Great Zimbabwe and to be involved in gold mining and international trade. 1830 - The Ndebele people were fleeing Zulus violence and the Boer migration into present-day South Africa, they moved north and inhabited what became known as Matabeleland. 1830-1890 - European hunters, traders, and missionaries visited the area from the south. A great example can be Cecil John Rhodes. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay 1889 - The British South Africa Company (BSA) of Rhodes was ordered by the British to colonize Southern Rhodesia. 1890 - Pioneering white settlers came from the south, where the future capital Harare was located. 1893 - Ndebele rebelling against BSA rule are trampled. 1922 - BSA administration ends, white minority establishes self-government. 1930 - The Land Apportionment Act limits black access to land, pushing the colored minority into wage labor. 1930s-1960s: Black opposition to colonial rule flourishes. Appearance in the 1960s of nationalist groups: the Zimbabwe African People's Union (Zapu) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (Zanu). 1953 - Great Britain establishes the Central African Federation, incorporating Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and Nyasaland (Malawi).1963 - The Federation dismantles when Zambia and Malawi gain independence.1964 - Ian Smith of the Rhodesian Front (RF) gains prime ministerial status and tries to convince Britain to grant independence. 1965 - Smith unilaterally announces independence under the white minority 1972 - Guerrilla warfare against white rule intensifies, with competitors Zanu and Zapu working in Zambia and Mozambique. 1978 – Smith gives in to pressure for a negotiated settlement. The new government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa, fails to gain international recognition. Persistent civil war. 1979 – British parties talk at Lancaster House in London and lead to a peace agreement and a new constitution, which guarantees minority rights. 1980 – Veteran independence leader Robert Mugabe and his Zanu party win independent elections under British supervision. On April 18, independence is recognized internationally. 1982 - Mugabe turns against Nkomo, accusing him of preparing to overthrow the government. 1987 - Mugabe and Nkomo merge their parties to form Zanu-PF, ending violence in the southern areas. 1987 - Mugabe changes the constitution and becomes executive president. 1991 - The Commonwealth chooses the Harare Declaration at its summit in Zimbabwe, reaffirming its objectives of promoting international peace and security, democracy, individual freedom and equal rights for all. 1998 - Economic crisis, riots and strikes. 1999 - Economic crisis is sustained, Zimbabwe's military involvement in the Democratic Republic of Congo's civil war becomes progressively unpopular. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay2000 - February - President Mugabe is crushed and defeated in the referendum on the draft constitution. 2000 - June - Parliamentary elections: Zanu-PF narrowly fends off the challenge from the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) led by Morgan Tsvangirai, and loses its clout and power to amend the Constitution.