Discussing topics related to Chinese history is a very broad topic. There is so much to talk about and so much to mention. From the Chinese dynasty to the present day it could take forever to complete. So in my essay I will do my best to cover everything I can. I will start from 10,000-2,000 BC (Neolithic cultures), 2,100-1,600 BC (Xia dynasty), 1,600-1,050 BC (Shang dynasty), 1,046-256 BC (Zhou dynasty), 221-206 BC (Qin dynasty). ), 206 BC-220 AD (Han Dynasty), 220-589 AD (Disunion Period), 581-618 AD (Sui Dynasty), 618-906 (Tang Dynasty), 960-1279 (Song Dynasty), 1279-1368 (Yuan Dynasty), 1368-1644 (Ming Dynasty), 1644-1912 (Qing Dynasty), 1912-1949 (Republican Period), and last but not least, 1949-Present (People's Republic of China). There is so much to cover and I know I won't be able to cover it all, which is why I've listed each era and their names. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay China is rapidly becoming the business center of the world. The country has enormous potential for economic growth, which will allow other countries to have access to a large market and low-cost labor. While these benefits are desirable, caution should be exercised due to cultural and political differences. These differences can cause uncertainty for foreign investors. After more than a quarter century of reform and opening up to the outside world, by 2005 China's economy had become the second largest in the world after that of the United States when measured by purchasing power parity (PPP) ( World Bank, 2008). The Chinese government aims to quadruple gross domestic product (GDP) by 2020 and more than double GDP per capita. Since 1978, widespread market economy mechanisms and a certain reduction in the role of government have been evident. The government promotes a dual economic structure that has evolved from a socialist, centrally planned economy to a socialist market economic system, or a “market economy with socialist characteristics.” , (Fogel, G., 2010). China has revamped its political system over the years to become more attractive to other countries. Smart businessmen know that they can increase their profits by outsourcing jobs to people living in other parts of the world, such as India and China. Although the practice of outsourcing causes high unemployment rates in America, it allows entrepreneurs to increase their profits. China has experienced such an industrial bent due to the fact that it has made great technological advancements. The newest, best and brightest technology is produced in Asian countries. Reviewing my notes and short summaries on some aspects of contemporary China, there weren't many that I found interesting enough to write ten pages until I'd read most of China. indigenous religions with its core beliefs based on Chinese culture, called Daoism. China is rich in culture and religious structure. They shower their children with positive religious beliefs and ensure that they are not influenced by negative external influences. This is the key to China's education system. Without negative external influences, children grow up learning only positive information. Daoism is prevalent throughout Chinese history and has seen countless changes in recent decades. Since the end of the Cultural Revolution in China, Daoism has returned and is more popular than ever. Religion has changed with the times, and in contemporary China, Daoism has given rise to many fascinating new sects. The complexities of religion should not be underestimated, but it isIt is clear that contemporary Daoism is influenced by the Chinese government, and the Chinese government is influenced by contemporary Daoism. Daoism was also known as Taoism, and is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao, or humility and religious piety. I'm also not sure why this topic interested me over the others, it may have a lot to do with the excitement that comes with it. There are so many specific practices within each sect of Daoism that I have only focused on a couple of them. In my article I present the general scope of contemporary Daoism and the ways in which it continues to influence and be influenced by both China and the rest of the world. As I read about Daoism I started to get the feeling that the Daoist attitude towards life can be seen in acceptance and surrender, in the joyful and carefree sides of the Chinese character, this is something that I personally believe everyone should look into. Our society is so caught up in material things, the biggest house, the best cars, and the most expensive jewelry. According to Taoists you shouldn't live like this. Being fun-loving and carefree is the way to go. Living with burdens, worries and stress will only lead you to an early death. Maybe that's why the Chinese have a large elderly population. I wanted to see someone else's opinion regarding contemporary Daoism, so I searched for several peer-reviewed articles and the one I enjoyed reading was written by Aidan Grennen on December 7, 2014. Grennen states “Daoism is one of the five religions recognized in China, however, during Mao Zedong's rule over China, Kung Fu was persecuted due to its ties to Daoism. Just as Daoism evolved into an aspect of national pride in China, Kung Fu also evolved for the same reasons. There was a time when Kung Fu was allowed again, but the Daoism incorporated into it was eliminated. Eventually, the Chinese people realized that both Daoism and Kung Fu are part of what makes them unique and in more modern times have embraced both. As more and more people around the world embrace Kung Fu and Daoism, it has become easier for China to accept it.” (4) Economic policy in China changes every year. As the world's second largest economy, China is at a major inflection point. Some of my expectations for China's GDP are to grow in the order of 3 or maybe even 4 or 5%. While I know that China faces tough challenges, I think it can avoid a harsh rupture. The economy is going through a difficult period. There are large portions of excess capacity in heavy industry, especially in the steel, shipbuilding and chemicals sectors. Since the late 1970s, China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays an important role globally. China implemented reforms gradually, achieving efficiency gains that contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Reforms began with the elimination of collectivized agriculture and expanded to include the gradual price liberalization, fiscal decentralization, greater autonomy for state-owned enterprises, growth of the private sector, development of stock markets and a modern banking system and openness to foreign trade and investment. China continues to pursue an industrial policy, state support for key sectors and a restrictive investment regime. Measured on the basis of purchasing power parity that takes into account price differences, in 2016 China was the mostlargest economy in the world, surpassing the United States in 2014 for the first time in modern history. China became the world's largest exporter in 2010 and the largest trading nation in 2013. However, China's per capita income is lower than the world average. With all the new business practices implemented by China, it is no wonder why they are becoming the business center of the world. Everyone wants to host their business or outsource it to China. Bellaire High School in Bellaire, Texas is a good example of how China is becoming a world leader in business. Bellaire offers foreign language as an important part of their curriculum. Students attending Bellaire High School must take four years of one language and one year of another language. Students who are fortunate enough to learn Chinese have a fantastic opportunity to participate in China over the summer. I know living in Texas makes everyone stuck in Spanish lessons, but if you want to get into business, Chinese is the language to learn. The international business arena is so vast that not learning Chinese would be an obstacle. Before taking this course, I initially thought that the history of China was sometimes marked as having begun as early as the 16th century BC, but in terms of evidence from the chapters provided for us to read, I began to think a little differently. I really enjoyed reading about historical context much more than reading about economics, in their historical context I gained a lot of valuable information but I think I will just focus on one in particular, Buddhism. “Buddhism arrived in China from India in the 6th century. AD (this fact, in particular, took me by surprise). Buddhism offered an internal path to spiritual peace through meditation and study. The Buddhism of India was modified in China by contact with Confucianism and Taoism; a monastic tradition, borrowed from Confucianism, combined with the Taoist interest in the contemplation of nature. Although Buddhism originated in India and shared some of the Hindu frames of reference, it also differed from Hinduism in that it accepted the reality of suffering in this world rather than suggesting that this world was an illusion. Instead, Buddhism offered an individual path to salvation that became known as the “Middle Way.” The Middle Way avoided both the physical self-indulgence of worldly people and the extremes of the disciplines, spiritual or physical, practiced by Hindu mystics. Instead, he offered an eightfold path, a series of steps to follow to reach Nirvana or the liberation of the soul from the wheel of life. "(2) I was ignorant about their spiritual beliefs thinking that their Buddha was their “God” when all reality Buddhism is the oldest foreign religion in China. It merged with native Taoism and folk religion. he ancient Hindu Buddhism taught by Buddha involved achieving enlightenment through meditation. How to proceed and what it means is open to interpretation. When the first Buddhist scriptures were translated into Chinese, Taoist terminology based on the native religion was often used people interpreted the Scriptures in their own ways. Buddhism had a long history in China, and native Buddhist religions developed that were accepted by Chinese Buddhists. Buddhism transcends many religions and cultures. “China has an economic system that blends elements of socialism and capitalism. Although its leaders strive to create a communist economic system, much of its growth has occurred after adopting some capitalist practices.”(1). Reading Brown-Contemporary China and Ebrey 9 and 10 yesexplains in detail how and why the Chinese economic system was the reason why in this gigantic weakened country the population amounted to almost 500 million people and a territory of 9.6 million square kilometers. the highest annual productions of major industrial and agricultural products were as follows: yarn 445,000 tons, cotton cloth 2.79 billion m, raw coal 61.88 million tons, energy generated 6 billion kWh, wheat 150 million tons and cotton 849,000 tons. This was the starting point of the economic development of the new China. In my opinion, doing this research into the seriousness of China's economic system was informative, I established an understanding of their country and the differences between here and there. We (and by we I mean US citizens) don't really think about how big of an impact China has on the entire world. I was amazed to read an article written by Kenneth Rapoza in which he states that “China is growing above 6%, and that it is not enough for the country to reform its economic system and maintain full employment. Employment is an important part of the political picture in China. It is still a poor country. And a poor country with a few hundred million struggling to survive can lead to the kind of political unrest that the Communist Party fears." (1). “Even though China is a poor country, they provide incentives for entrepreneurs to do business in China. There are so many people living in China that there was a limit to the number of children you could have.” (4)“One child per family was the most you could have. According to CNN, in October 2015, China decided to reverse its decades-long one-child policy and allow couples across the country to have two children (Senthilingam, 2016).” I have always thought that being relegated by your government to having only one child was a violation of human rights. I understand why it was implemented, but I don't think it's right. “ The one-child policy was introduced in 1979 when the government feared rapid population growth following the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s. The country's fertility rate has fallen dramatically, from a peak of nearly six births per woman between 1960 and 1965 to 1.5 per woman between 1995 and 2014. In the intervening years, amendments and caveats were added, allowing rural couples to have a second child if the first was a girl and then allowed couples who had only children to have a second child (Senthilingam, 2016).” “Attacks on China are popular, but China's importance to the U.S. economy and the world cannot be understated. China's economic policy became a major growth driver in 2009, when the United States and Europe were collapsing. Without the trillions spent to stimulate the economy, many countries would not have found buyers for their goods, including the United States.” Now, “China is no longer willing to stimulate consumption and much of its physical economy is left to its own devices. Some, on the one hand, welcome this more capitalist approach. But on the other, fear means a bigger slowdown is on the way. Some say China's real GDP is closer to 2%” (Rapoza). I felt it was important to add this quote in his article to my article only because I didn't see anything in the books assigned to this course that talked about China's importance or lack of influence for the United States. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has undergone dramatic changes over the years. Although foreign commentators have accused the CCP of lacking a coherent ideology, the CCP continues to define itself and present itself as communist. The ideology of the CCP, and later Maoism, gave voice to the changes that were reshaping Chinese society. At the time it wasbetter than any other ideology or political program at articulating an underlying reality that was already changing. For the hundreds of millions of Chinese farmers and workers who had not heard the news of the Allied betrayal or would not care, the CCP had a powerful message. in the late 19th century, “when intellectuals began to articulate China's place in a global order centered outside its borders. It has abandoned a teleological view of China's ideological development, in which the current communist regime is assumed to be the inevitable culmination of the past, in favor of detailing ongoing contestations over Chinese history, identity, and modernization. In the passage entitled Chinese Ideology and Politics written by William A. Joseph, I began to feel a little confused about what was going on. The part where he discussed political ideology and what it consisted of was where the confusion started, when he started talking about it, it seemed to me that he had two different views on the subject. When I read a passage I try to understand the topic, and while I did a great job, I still didn't feel too confident in the knowledge I was gaining from that passage. "China began to move away from communism ideology under Deng Xiaoping, whose economic reforms dismantled communes and created space for private enterprise. He justified his reforms to his fellow communists with the saying: “It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice,” implying that even “capitalist” policies were justified if they managed to bring economic growth. And since then, China's economic development has been extraordinary, so much so that the Chinese people now approve overwhelmingly reforms.”(4) When I read that quote for the first time I immediately wrote it down in my notes, I agree with his statement. It doesn't depend on your color, if you want it you will get it that this is the hardest paper I've ever had to write. Reading the required texts for this course was one thing, but having to put together a ten-page paper on the topics I've read about without writing word for word is a challenge for me. I can write about idealism and why it is important or I could also write about the topics related to political economy in China, including the historical context, the political system, and the economic system. But because there is so much information that I both agree and disagree with, it's hard for me to pick just a handful and write about them. I also used The CIA World Factbook which could help me put my essay together and I found some information about the historical context, political system and economic system. The CIA World Factbook answered all the questions I needed to know in detail, I got some valuable insights into China's environmental issues, economy and population. I liked using The CIA World Factbook because they kept the information short and sweet and allowed me to find the information I needed in a decent amount of time. It took me weeks to get through all the chapters I had to read for this course, but when I did I found myself more interested in the political economy of Zweig-China. This passage mainly focused on Deng Xiaoping (China's top leader) and how he had to go through many things and how he learned his lessons after discussing his trials, he entered into the political economy of rural reform. This part of the passage was simply discussed understanding the dramatic changes in rural economic policy in the reform era. “Rural reform occurred in two phases. Between the.”(3)