In a perfect world every man, woman and child are slightly unique but more or less exactly the same as each other. However, we don't live in a perfect world, we live in a world with many imperfections. Imperfections are despised and significant measures are taken to “correct” them. In the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, written by Ken Kesey, people with these "imperfections" are sent to a medical ward and are absent from society because they are different. In order for the department to suppress differences within patients, deception and misdirection are used as influential elements. However, Kesey is not subtle in how he presents the department's motivations and hides the influential effects in the fog and machinery motifs. The fog motif serves to force patients to adapt to society, while the machine motif aims to transform and “fix” patients so that they fit in and do not stand out. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Fog is the phenomenon that offers a mental sanctuary where you can get away from the world. In the novel the fog was used by patients as a refuge from the cruelty of the ward. For example, on more than one occasion Chief Bromden distances himself from reality due to fear of acting against department policies or due to pain from department “treatments.” The novel itself begins with the Chief abandoning himself to the fog to numb the pain caused by the three assistants and Nurse Ratched. Not only the Chief but all the other patients also use the fog as a safe haven because “they can go back into it and feel safe” (Kesey 123). Additionally, the fog keeps patients in an unconscious state within the ward. The fog keeps patients satisfied, reducing the possibility of rebellion against the department, or symbolically against society. Furthermore, when McMurphy arrives on the ward he drags all the patients out of the fog and shows the patients that reality is much safer than the distorted consciousness maintained by the fog. As the surrounding fog dissipates, Bromden and the other patients begin to realize that the hospital treats patients inhumanely and become more self-aware and aware. By means of the mechanical motive Kesey exposes how society manipulates its actions “to do what [society] thinks. [s] [he or she] should do” (Kesey 210). In the novel, Nurse Ratched and the assistants personify the mechanism for achieving normality throughout the department. However, normality was achieved with harsh and extreme measures. For example, two patients, Chief Bromden and Randle McMurphy, are sent to receive several sessions of electroshock therapy that can lead to fatal consequences because those patients defended another member of the department who refused to be scrubbed in a way ratified by the department. Another situation in which electroshock therapy is used, as a means of suppression, is when a patient named Maxwell Taber requests information about the drug he has been prescribed. The electroshock sessions had such an impact on him that once they were over he was made completely docile, and was soon discharged from the ward cheered by Nurse Ratched herself. Adding lobotomy to Nurse Ratched's list of disciplinary measures. McMurphy's lobotomy procedure was a success as he returned from the procedure a vegetable, a term used for brain-dead men. The nurse only went this far to chastise McMurphy for throwing a party on the ward and to make him functional in society..